Are we living on stolen land?

This is a claim you will hear from leftists and native activists, but is it true? There are three considerations when addressing this accusation. First, North America is vast. The native population in what is now the United States was estimated to be roughly 3-5 million, as opposed to the nearly 350 million that it is now. That means there were huge swaths of land that were unoccupied and unclaimed and therefore not stolen. Some lands became unoccupied due to a tribe dying out for various reasons. This happened to the Patuxet. They were wiped out by an epidemic, so by the time the pilgrims landed on Cape Cod, that land was unoccupied.

Second, some of the land was fairly sold/traded to the Europeans. There are certainty instances of treaties being broken, and the natives didn't understand land ownership the way the Europeans did, at least initially. Regardless, not all land was obtained through duplicity or war.

Third, and perhaps the most poignant, "all" nations have come about through conquest, including tribal nations. Like it or not, land belongs to the victor, those who can occupy it and defend it. Even the natives understood territorial boundaries and straying into their territory could get you killed. One can make all the territorial claims they want, but unless they have the ability to control the land, their claims are meaningless. 

Now, even if one did not accept those considerations and insisted on returning the land to the original inhabitants, that becomes problematic. It would be impossible to know who the land originally belonged to. Sure, it may have previously belonged to tribe X, but which tribe did it belong to before them, and before them, and before them, and so on? Territorial ownership was not static. Tribes migrated, died off, or were conquered by more dominant tribes. It's impossible to know who specifically the land originally belonged to. And even if you could know, then what? Do you displace the thousands or millions of people who live there, causing undue hardship? Such a proposal would not be practical or feasible.

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